topology (point-set topology, point-free topology)
see also differential topology, algebraic topology, functional analysis and topological homotopy theory
Basic concepts
fiber space, space attachment
Extra stuff, structure, properties
Kolmogorov space, Hausdorff space, regular space, normal space
sequentially compact, countably compact, locally compact, sigma-compact, paracompact, countably paracompact, strongly compact
Examples
Basic statements
closed subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are equivalently compact subspaces
open subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are locally compact
compact spaces equivalently have converging subnet of every net
continuous metric space valued function on compact metric space is uniformly continuous
paracompact Hausdorff spaces equivalently admit subordinate partitions of unity
injective proper maps to locally compact spaces are equivalently the closed embeddings
locally compact and second-countable spaces are sigma-compact
Theorems
Analysis Theorems
Serre fibration Hurewicz fibration Dold fibration shrinkable map
Write
for the set of inclusions of the topological n-disks, into their cylinder objects (the product topological space with the topological interval), along (for definiteness) the left endpoint inclusion.
A Serre fibration is a -injective morphism, def. , hence a continuous function that has the right lifting property with respect to all inclusions of the form that include the standard topological n-disk into its standard cylinder object.
I.e. is a Serre fibration if for every commuting square of continuous functions of the form
then there exists a continuous function such as to make a commuting diagram of the form
The class of Serre fibrations serves as the class of abstract fibrations in the classical model structure on topological spaces (whence “Serre-Quillen model structure”).
A Serre fibration has the right lifting property against all retracts of -relative cell complexes (def. ).
By general closure properties of projective and injective morphisms, see there this proposition for details.
The condition in def. is part of the condition on a Hurewicz fibration, hence every Hurewicz fibration is in particular a Serre fibration.
The converse is false:
(Serre fibrations which are not Hurewicz fibrations)
An example of a generalized covering space which is a Serre fibration but not a Hurewicz fibration is given by Jeremy Brazas here.
But under some regularity condition it does becomes true:
(Serre fibrations of CW-complexes are Hurewicz fibrations)
In the convenient category of compactly generated weakly Hausdorff topological spaces) a Serre fibration in which the total space and base space are both CW complexes is a Hurewicz fibration.
(No relationship between the covering map and the CW structures is required.)
This is due to (Steinberger-West 84) with the corrected proof due to (Cauty 92) (pointers via Peter May here). Theorem-page at a Serre fibration between CW-complexes is a Hurewicz fibration.
Since Serre fibrations are the abstract fibrations in the Serre-classical model structure on topological spaces, the following statement follows from general model category theory. But it may also be seen by direct inspection, as follows.
For a finite CW-complex, then its inclusion into its standard cylinder is a -relative cell complex (def. ).
First erect a cylinder over all 0-cells
Assume then that the cylinder over all -cells of has been erected using attachment from . Then the union of any -cell of with the cylinder over its boundary is homeomorphic to and is like the cylinder over the cell “with end and interior removed”. Hence via attaching along the cylinder over is erected.
Let be a Serre fibration, def. , let be any point and write
for the fiber inclusion over that point. Then for every choice of lift of the point through , the induced sequence of homotopy groups
is exact, in that the kernel of is canonically identified with the image of :
It is clear that the image of is in the kernel of (every sphere in becomes constant on , hence contractible, when sent forward to ).
For the converse, let be represented by some . Assume that is in the kernel of . This means equivalently that fits into a commuting diagram of the form
where is the contracting homotopy witnessing that .
Now since is a lift of , there exists a left homotopy
as follows:
(for instance: regard as embedded in such that is identified with the basepoint on the boundary of and set ).
The pasting of the top two squares that have appeared this way is equivalent to the following commuting square
Because is a Serre fibration and by lemma and prop. , this has a lift
Notice that is a basepoint preserving left homotopy from to some . Being homotopic, they represent the same element of :
But the new representative has the special property that its image in is not just trivializable, but trivialized: combining with the previous diagram shows that it sits in the following commuting diagram
The commutativity of the outer square says that is constant, hence that is entirely contained in the fiber . Said more abstractly, the universal property of fibers gives that factors through , hence that is in the image of .
(…)
long exact sequence of homotopy groups
(…)
(map is Serre fibration if it is locally so)
If is a continuous function and is an open cover of its codomain, such that the restriction of to each (i.e. its pullback to the cover) is a Serre fibration, then itself is a Serre fibration:
See tom Dieck 08, p. 130, Thm. 6.3.3.
An analogous local recognition holds for Hurewicz fibrations but with numerable open covers. See there.
The topological realization of a Kan fibration of simplicial sets is a Serre fibration.
(empty bundles are Serre fibrations)
All empty bundles are Serre fibrations, because none of the commuting squares that one would have to lift in actually exist:
since the empty topological space is a strict initial object: There is no morphism to it from any inhabited space.
(fiber bundles are Serre fibrations)
Every topological fiber bundle (i.e. locally trivial, meaning that on some open cover it becomes a product projection) is a Serre fibration.
This follows immediately from Lemma .
Notice that the empty bundles of Example are examples of locally trivial fiber bundles (with typical fiber the empty topological space).
(covering space projection is Serre fibration)
Every covering space projection is a Serre fibration, in fact a Hurewicz fibration (by this prop.).
Daniel Quillen, The geometric realization of a Kan fibration is a Serre fibration, Proc. AMS 19 (1968) 1499-1500 [doi:1968-019-06/S0002-9939-1968-0238322-1, pdf]
M. Steinberger and J. West, Covering homotopy properties of maps between CW complexes or ANRs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 92 (1984), 573-577.
R. Cauty, Sur les ouverts des CW-complexes et les fibrés de Serre, Colloquy Math. 63 (1992), 1–7
Stephen Mitchell, Notes on Serre fibrations, 2001 (pdf, pdf)
Tammo tom Dieck, Algebraic topology. European Mathematical Society, Zürich (2008) (doi:10.4171/048)
Paul Goerss, J. F. Jardine: Simplicial homotopy theory, Progress in Mathematics, Birkhäuser (1999), Modern Birkhäuser Classics (2009) [doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0189-4, webpage]
For more see at classical model structure on topological spaces.
Last revised on October 22, 2023 at 07:56:13. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.